The emigration of our families ( 57 émigrés on 27 voyages) peaked during this quarter century with the vast majority heading for the German communities in Pennsylvania (49), with three each going to Maryland and Virginia and one each to Delaware and South Carolina. While most came from Germany (41),there was also a peak of emigration from Switzerland (8); an additional four came from Ireland, and two each from England and Scotland.
1728 George Martin Kalb was born in Hüttendorf, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany and emigrated
on the ship “Albany”. A farmer, he settled in Limerick, Pennsylvania. He and his wife were buried in the New Hanover Lutheran Cemetery; his gravestone is written in German. They are 5th great-grandparents in David’s maternal line.
1729 Johann Georg, his wife Christina Margaretha (Stein) Kissel, 6th great-grandparents in David’s maternal line with their 13 year old son Johann Niclaus (5th maternal great-grandfather) emigrated from Igelsheim, Palatine, Bayern, Germany, settling in Lancaster, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
1729 Jacob Boehme, Glenna’s maternal 7th great-grandfather, emigrated from Palitinate Germany (possibly Switzerland) with his wife Barbara and son Jacob arriving in Philadelphia and later settling in Pennsylvania.
1730 Hans Jacob and Maria Barbara (Baer) Jauler left Bayern, Germany and likely with their son Isaac and Hans Jacob’s father Johannes for a new home in America, landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Jaulers are 5th great-grandparents in Glenna’s paternal line, Johannes a 6th, and Isaac a 4th great-grandfather.
1731 John Christian Lehman and his wife Anna Maria Margaretha were married in Lachen, Speyerdorf, Palatine, Germany in 1719. They emigrated to Fredrick, Maryland in America with four children on the ship Thistle of Glasgow. They are 6th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line.
1731 Johann Jacob Michel left the Haddenhausen, Minden-Lubbecke, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany for York, York, Pennsylvania, America one year after he married Anna Margaretha Scherer. There is no record of her date of death, so it is not known whether she came with him on the “Lother”, a smaller vessel called a snow. They are 6th great-grandparents in Glenna’s maternal line.
A two-masted sailing vessel of the era, the snow, carried square sails on both masts, with a trysail on a jacknast known as a snowmast --which was a spar set on the deck about a foot behind the mainmast and attached at the top to the mainmast. Also: A Snow Rigged Vessel or Snow Rigged Brig had similar rigging. http://www.thepirateking.com/ships/ship_types.htm
1732 Hans Matteus Jung , his older brother Marcus (both in their 20s) and his father Johannes (age 47), boarded a ship called the Loyal Judith that would carry them from their homeland in Evangelisch, Hueffelsheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Also on the Loyal Judith was Conrad Fey, who later became the father-in-law of Hans Matteus. It is likely that Conrad’s daughter Anna Margaretta (age 20) came with him. She married Hans Matteus three years later in Lancaster, PA where Matteus was a cordwainer and shopkeeper. He became an active member of the Moravian church, was on the Council for Lancaster, and is listed in the House of Burgesses. They are 6th great-grandparents in Glenna’s maternal line.
Historical Note: House of Burgesses
The English kings who ruled the 13 original colonies reserved the right to decide the fate of their colonies as well, but not alone. The colonists drew upon their claims to traditional English rights and insisted on raising their own representative assemblies… What is the importance of a small legislative body formed so long ago? The tradition established by the House of Burgesses was extremely important to colonial development. Each new English colony demanded its own legislature in turn… But starting with the Virginia House of Burgesses, Americans had 157 years to practice democracy. By the time of the Declaration of Independence, they were quite good at it. http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp
1736 Thomas Blackburn, his wife Alice (Hewitt) came to America with his 60 year old father, John Blackburn, Mulloughdroy, Armagh, Ireland. They settled in Menallen Township, York County, Pennsylvania, where Thomas’ hopes of continuing in his Irish success with fine linens were thwarted. He traded his linens for cattle and did well, selling whiskey as a byproduct of the crop raised for cattle feed. The Blackburns are 4th and 5th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line and a history of the Blackburns is available at http://www.blackburn-tree.org/PDFs/GibsonBook.pdf .
1737 Nicklaus Schreibner (Shriver) and his young son Phillip came to America from Frankenthal, Palatinate, Germany on the “Charming Nancy”, settling in Reading, Adams, Pennsylvania. Some records refer to the ship as the sloop “Charming Polly”, but it is likely to have been the schooner because of its larger size and two main masts vs. one. Interestingly, this schooner “Charming Nancy” was the focus of privateering charges against Benedict Arnold following the American Revolution. They are 5th and 4th great-grandfathers in David’s paternal line.
1732 Hans Matteus Jung , his older brother Marcus (both in their 20s) and his father Johannes (age 47), boarded a ship called the Loyal Judith that would carry them from their homeland in Evangelisch, Hueffelsheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Also on the Loyal Judith was Conrad Fey, who later became the father-in-law of Hans Matteus. It is likely that Conrad’s daughter Anna Margaretta (age 20) came with him. She married Hans Matteus three years later in Lancaster, PA where Matteus was a cordwainer and shopkeeper. He became an active member of the Moravian church, was on the Council for Lancaster, and is listed in the House of Burgesses. They are 6th great-grandparents in Glenna’s maternal line.
Historical Note: House of Burgesses
The English kings who ruled the 13 original colonies reserved the right to decide the fate of their colonies as well, but not alone. The colonists drew upon their claims to traditional English rights and insisted on raising their own representative assemblies… What is the importance of a small legislative body formed so long ago? The tradition established by the House of Burgesses was extremely important to colonial development. Each new English colony demanded its own legislature in turn… But starting with the Virginia House of Burgesses, Americans had 157 years to practice democracy. By the time of the Declaration of Independence, they were quite good at it. http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp
1736 Thomas Blackburn, his wife Alice (Hewitt) came to America with his 60 year old father, John Blackburn, Mulloughdroy, Armagh, Ireland. They settled in Menallen Township, York County, Pennsylvania, where Thomas’ hopes of continuing in his Irish success with fine linens were thwarted. He traded his linens for cattle and did well, selling whiskey as a byproduct of the crop raised for cattle feed. The Blackburns are 4th and 5th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line and a history of the Blackburns is available at http://www.blackburn-tree.org/PDFs/GibsonBook.pdf .
1737 Nicklaus Schreibner (Shriver) and his young son Phillip came to America from Frankenthal, Palatinate, Germany on the “Charming Nancy”, settling in Reading, Adams, Pennsylvania. Some records refer to the ship as the sloop “Charming Polly”, but it is likely to have been the schooner because of its larger size and two main masts vs. one. Interestingly, this schooner “Charming Nancy” was the focus of privateering charges against Benedict Arnold following the American Revolution. They are 5th and 4th great-grandfathers in David’s paternal line.
Thomas Buttersworth (artist, 1768-1842) – “A topsail schooner in a heavy swell”
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Buttersworth_-_A_topsail_schooner_in_a_heavy_swell.jpg
1737 Barbara Margaretha Anna Boehler, the 5th great-grandmother in David’s maternal line emigrated from Gönnheim, Bad Durkheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, and settled in Lititz, Lancaster, PA where she met and married Johann Niclaus Kissel in 1747.
1734-1735 John Trippett left Bradfield, Yorkshire, England most likely in 1734, settling in Kent, Deleware where he soon married Alice Sipple. Alice is the daughter of Garrett and Mary (Calvert) Sipple, 6th great-grandparents in Glenna’s paternal lilne. The Trippets are 5th great-grandparents in the same line.
1738 Johann Christian Grub, his wife Susanna Margaret (Schreiner) and their children Johann Caspar, Ludwig Peter and Maria Elizabetha emigrated from Kussel, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, settling in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. They are 6th great-grandparents in David’s maternal line, and Johann Caspar is a 5th maternal great-grandfather.
1739 Johann Phillip Ermentraudt emigrated from Palatinate, Germany at the age of 18 with his mother Anna Elizabeth Hain and five -brothers. His father, Michel Ermentraudt died in 1738-39 in Holland or Germany. The most likely explanation, is that Michael and Anna set out from the Palatinate with their six sons but Michel died on the journey to the seaport. This would make sense also of Peter, Anna’s brother, joining the grieving family for the rest of the journey to America. They boarded the ship Samuel with 340 other passengers.
Historical Note: Irmtraut
This picture of the Village of Irmtraut was taken in 2012; it is located near Limburg, Germany. The Ermentraudt family came from an area which had originally been the Palatinate State of the Holy Roman Empire, which is now the present-day German State of Nassau (Hesse). Today there is a small German farming village by the name of Irmtraut , located about 13 miles north of Limburg (on National Route 54) on the Lahn River, a tributary of the Rhine. The old tower of the Irmtraut village church still stands, spanning the known 1,100 years of Irmtraut's history. It is unclear as to whether there is a connection between Irmtraut and Ermentraudt.
Anna, her boys and her brother Peter who escorted her on the trip, landed in Delaware Bay on August 27, 1739 on the English ship, Samuel. She lived at first on a farm with her brother George Hain, 7 miles NW of Reading PA. She bought 500 acres in Lancaster (now Berks) County about 2 miles N. of the intersection of Berks and Dauphin Turnpike (US422) in present-day Wernersville PA and the Hains Church Road, 1 mile N. of Hains Church. Johann lived with his widowed mother on her farm a short distance north of St. John's (hains) Reformed Church and a few miles north of the present-day Wernersville, PA. On October 12, 1749, Johan took up by warrant from the Proprietors, sons of William Penn, a tract of 35 acres of land in Lancaster (now Berks Co.), PA adjoining his mother’s land. On December 16, 1749 he acquired an additional 50 acres. Johan was one of the founders and promoters of building of the St. Daniels Lutheran Church located just north of the present-day town of Robesonia, PA. This church was started in 1751 and completed in 1753. The Ermentraudt farms were located a little over two miles north of the intersecton of the Berks and Dauphin Turnpike (US 422) in the present-day town of Wernersville, PA and the Hains Church Road and a little more than a mile north of Hains Church. Their property was close to George & Veronica Hain's property. It is not known when Johan moved his family to Virginia but on December 31, 1754, he bought 175 acres on Smith's Creek in Augusta (now Rockingham Co.) VA. He also bought several other tracts of land in the same vicinity totaling 679 acres.
Johan fought in the border warfare during the French and Indian Wars as indicated in an order dated September 10, 1756 continuing he and his brother Stopfel (Christopher) in Capt. Daniel Harrison's Company of Militia. Johan's mother lived with him after the move to Virginia. The Ermentraut family in 1768/1769 was a moving force in the building of the 2nd "Pinquit Moundyn" (Peaked Mountain" Church in Virginia. In 1787, Peter and Johan Phillip, who lived several miles north of present-day Keezletown, Va, and 10 to 12 milel from the Peaked Mountain Church, formed a congregation and started building a new church . This was a log structure to be known locally as St. Phillips, Ermentrauts or the Old Dutch Church. Johann Phillip and Elizabeth are 5th great grandparents in David’s direct paternal line.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Buttersworth_-_A_topsail_schooner_in_a_heavy_swell.jpg
1737 Barbara Margaretha Anna Boehler, the 5th great-grandmother in David’s maternal line emigrated from Gönnheim, Bad Durkheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, and settled in Lititz, Lancaster, PA where she met and married Johann Niclaus Kissel in 1747.
1734-1735 John Trippett left Bradfield, Yorkshire, England most likely in 1734, settling in Kent, Deleware where he soon married Alice Sipple. Alice is the daughter of Garrett and Mary (Calvert) Sipple, 6th great-grandparents in Glenna’s paternal lilne. The Trippets are 5th great-grandparents in the same line.
1738 Johann Christian Grub, his wife Susanna Margaret (Schreiner) and their children Johann Caspar, Ludwig Peter and Maria Elizabetha emigrated from Kussel, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany, settling in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. They are 6th great-grandparents in David’s maternal line, and Johann Caspar is a 5th maternal great-grandfather.
1739 Johann Phillip Ermentraudt emigrated from Palatinate, Germany at the age of 18 with his mother Anna Elizabeth Hain and five -brothers. His father, Michel Ermentraudt died in 1738-39 in Holland or Germany. The most likely explanation, is that Michael and Anna set out from the Palatinate with their six sons but Michel died on the journey to the seaport. This would make sense also of Peter, Anna’s brother, joining the grieving family for the rest of the journey to America. They boarded the ship Samuel with 340 other passengers.
Historical Note: Irmtraut
This picture of the Village of Irmtraut was taken in 2012; it is located near Limburg, Germany. The Ermentraudt family came from an area which had originally been the Palatinate State of the Holy Roman Empire, which is now the present-day German State of Nassau (Hesse). Today there is a small German farming village by the name of Irmtraut , located about 13 miles north of Limburg (on National Route 54) on the Lahn River, a tributary of the Rhine. The old tower of the Irmtraut village church still stands, spanning the known 1,100 years of Irmtraut's history. It is unclear as to whether there is a connection between Irmtraut and Ermentraudt.
Anna, her boys and her brother Peter who escorted her on the trip, landed in Delaware Bay on August 27, 1739 on the English ship, Samuel. She lived at first on a farm with her brother George Hain, 7 miles NW of Reading PA. She bought 500 acres in Lancaster (now Berks) County about 2 miles N. of the intersection of Berks and Dauphin Turnpike (US422) in present-day Wernersville PA and the Hains Church Road, 1 mile N. of Hains Church. Johann lived with his widowed mother on her farm a short distance north of St. John's (hains) Reformed Church and a few miles north of the present-day Wernersville, PA. On October 12, 1749, Johan took up by warrant from the Proprietors, sons of William Penn, a tract of 35 acres of land in Lancaster (now Berks Co.), PA adjoining his mother’s land. On December 16, 1749 he acquired an additional 50 acres. Johan was one of the founders and promoters of building of the St. Daniels Lutheran Church located just north of the present-day town of Robesonia, PA. This church was started in 1751 and completed in 1753. The Ermentraudt farms were located a little over two miles north of the intersecton of the Berks and Dauphin Turnpike (US 422) in the present-day town of Wernersville, PA and the Hains Church Road and a little more than a mile north of Hains Church. Their property was close to George & Veronica Hain's property. It is not known when Johan moved his family to Virginia but on December 31, 1754, he bought 175 acres on Smith's Creek in Augusta (now Rockingham Co.) VA. He also bought several other tracts of land in the same vicinity totaling 679 acres.
Johan fought in the border warfare during the French and Indian Wars as indicated in an order dated September 10, 1756 continuing he and his brother Stopfel (Christopher) in Capt. Daniel Harrison's Company of Militia. Johan's mother lived with him after the move to Virginia. The Ermentraut family in 1768/1769 was a moving force in the building of the 2nd "Pinquit Moundyn" (Peaked Mountain" Church in Virginia. In 1787, Peter and Johan Phillip, who lived several miles north of present-day Keezletown, Va, and 10 to 12 milel from the Peaked Mountain Church, formed a congregation and started building a new church . This was a log structure to be known locally as St. Phillips, Ermentrauts or the Old Dutch Church. Johann Phillip and Elizabeth are 5th great grandparents in David’s direct paternal line.
The Peaked Mountain Church in McGaheysville, Virginia where the Armentrouts were active and devoted members. This building has been torn down and replaced. Photo scanned from Armentrout Family History by Russell S. Armentrout For a clearer photo, click HERE
1740 Heinrich and Ursula (Wurtz) Jaeger, their son John Jaeger Hunter and Ursula’s father Johannes left Arisdorf, Basel Land, Switzerland on board the ship Freedom headed for Philadelphia. Ursula didn’t survive the voyage, and it is likely that her father also died as his death too is recorded as 1740. Heinrich and Ursula are 7th great grandparents and John Hunter is a 6th great grandfather in Glenna’s maternal line.
https://vagabondimages.in/2013/08/page/2/
1741 Hans Abraham Kessler and wife Maria Magdalena (Kohlman) left Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany and arrived in Wiccacoa, PA on the ship LYDIA from Rotterdam last from Deal, September 29, 1741. The ship lists his age as 21 years. He is a 4th great-grandfather in Glenna’s maternal line.
1714/42 Jacob Genheimer left the Palitinate (Oppau, Palatinate, Germany) sailing to and then settling in Fairfield, South Carolina. He is a 6th great-grandfather in David’s paternal line.
1740 Heinrich and Ursula (Wurtz) Jaeger, their son John Jaeger Hunter and Ursula’s father Johannes left Arisdorf, Basel Land, Switzerland on board the ship Freedom headed for Philadelphia. Ursula didn’t survive the voyage, and it is likely that her father also died as his death too is recorded as 1740. Heinrich and Ursula are 7th great grandparents and John Hunter is a 6th great grandfather in Glenna’s maternal line.
https://vagabondimages.in/2013/08/page/2/
1741 Hans Abraham Kessler and wife Maria Magdalena (Kohlman) left Heidelberg, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany and arrived in Wiccacoa, PA on the ship LYDIA from Rotterdam last from Deal, September 29, 1741. The ship lists his age as 21 years. He is a 4th great-grandfather in Glenna’s maternal line.
1714/42 Jacob Genheimer left the Palitinate (Oppau, Palatinate, Germany) sailing to and then settling in Fairfield, South Carolina. He is a 6th great-grandfather in David’s paternal line.
1743 Casper and Elisabetha (Lauffer) Glattfelter left Glattfelden, Eglisau, Zurich, Switzerland left for America on the ship Francis and Elizabeth with four of their children. Elisabetha and another daughter, Anna, was born in York PA the year of their arrival. This would mean that Casper and his wife set sail while Elisabetha was well into her pregnancy. Although there are no records of this, a likely conclusion is that the journey so weakened her that she did not survive the birth of her daughter. Casper, his hands full with five children, in a new land married his wife’s younger sister two years later. Hans Jacob Lauffer, along with his wife, Elisabetha (Braunnwald), set out on the journey with their daughter and son-in-law, but records indicate that Hans Jacob, already seventy years old, died early in the journey on the way to Oppland, Norway and that since Elisabetha died in 1743 as well, it is likely she died at sea. The Lauffers are 6th great- grandparents and the Glattfelters are 5th great-grandparents in Glenna’s http://mostlikedtags.com/instagram /glattfelden paternal line.
1730-45 Margaret Cook and father John Cook emigrated from Scotland making their new home in Pennsylvania, where Margaret married William Hodge. Records vary and are unclear as to the Cook/Hodge/Sargent connection. They are part of Glenna’s maternal line.
1748 Daniel and Maria (Eberhart) Kober/Cover left Manubach, Rhineland, Germany for America aboard the ship Two Brothers, Thomas Arnot, master, sailing out of Rotterdam by way of Portsmouth, England arriving in the port of Philadelphia. From Manubach, Germany and the youngest of 11 children, Daniel and Maria first settled in Lehigh Valley, PA where Daniel began life in the Americas as an indentured servant. But by 1760 The Kobers (now called Cover) settled in Germantown, Maryland where they were able to buy 75 acres of land in Westminster, MD along the western branch of the Patapsco River. Daniel and Maria are 5th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line.
1730-45 Margaret Cook and father John Cook emigrated from Scotland making their new home in Pennsylvania, where Margaret married William Hodge. Records vary and are unclear as to the Cook/Hodge/Sargent connection. They are part of Glenna’s maternal line.
1748 Daniel and Maria (Eberhart) Kober/Cover left Manubach, Rhineland, Germany for America aboard the ship Two Brothers, Thomas Arnot, master, sailing out of Rotterdam by way of Portsmouth, England arriving in the port of Philadelphia. From Manubach, Germany and the youngest of 11 children, Daniel and Maria first settled in Lehigh Valley, PA where Daniel began life in the Americas as an indentured servant. But by 1760 The Kobers (now called Cover) settled in Germantown, Maryland where they were able to buy 75 acres of land in Westminster, MD along the western branch of the Patapsco River. Daniel and Maria are 5th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line.
Patapsco River, Maryland
https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3915/18845904846_3d3d82cfe4_z.jpg
1748 Also arriving in Philadelphia aboard the Two Brothers were Johann Casper and his wife Maria Agnes (Glockner) Kieffer with their six children, including Johann Ludwig (5 years old) along with his brothers. At the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), the Kieffer family fled France to Deux Ponts (Zweibrucken) for safety. They changed the family name in France, to the German equivalent Kieffer (Cooper). Owing to the devastation of the country by the French armies, the sons made the decision to emigrate. Abraham and Casper settled near the present town of Kutztown, PA. Ludwig later married a Mennonite, Anna Margaretha Sprenckel in Codorus Township in Lancaster County, PA and eventually settled in Maryland. Johann Casper and Maria Agnes are 5th great-grandparents in David’s maternal line, and Johann Ludwig is a 4th great-grandfather.
Historical Note: The Edict of Nantes
In 1598, King Henry IV of France) granted Calvinist Protestants of France (Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation which was still essentially Catholic. The Edict aimed primarily to promote civil unity, separating civil from religious unity, treated Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance. In offering freedom of conscience to individuals, the Edict offered many concessions to Protestants, such as amnesty and reinstatement of their civil rights, including the right to work in any field or for the State and to bring grievances directly to the king. It marked the end of the religious wars afflicting France during the second half of the 16th century, but this lasted less than 100 years. It was revoked in 1685 with these provisions: (I) … do suppress and revoke, the edict of our said grandfather, given at Nantes in April, 1598… we declare them null and void, together with all concessions, of whatever nature they may be, made by them as well as by other edicts, declarations, and orders, in favor of the said persons of the R.P.R. (Religion prétendue réformée)… that all the temples of those of the said R.P.R. situate in our kingdom,
The Edict of Nantes countries, territories, and the lordships under our https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes crown, shall bedemolished without delay. (II) We forbid our subjects of the R.P.R. to meet any more for the exercise of the said religion in any place or private house, under any pretext whatever, (III) We likewise forbid all noblemen, of what condition soever, to hold such religious exercises in their houses or fiefs, under penalty to be inflicted upon all our said subjects who shall engage in the said exercises, of imprisonment and confiscation. (IV) We enjoin all ministers of the said R.P.R., who do not choose to become converts and to embrace the Catholic, apostolic, and Roman religion, to leave our kingdom and the territories subject to us within a fortnight of the publication of our present edict, without leave to reside therein beyond that period, or, during the said fortnight, to engage in any preaching, exhortation, or any other function, on pain of being sent to the galleys. . (VII) We forbid private schools for the instruction of children of the said R.P.R., and in general all things whatever which can be regarded as a concession of any kind in favor of the said religion. (VIII) As for children who may be born of persons of the said R.P.R., we desire that from henceforth they be baptized by the parish priests. http://historyguide.org/earlymod/revo_nantes.html
1749 Hans George Hertle and wife Anna Margaretha (Gramlich) with their two year old son Johann Friederich Hartle and brother Johann Martin emigrated from Schweigern, Kreis (County) Boxberg, Bavarian Palatinate, Now Baden-Württemberg, Germany to Washington Co., Md. They arrived In September in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania aboard the Ship Patience, Captain Hugh Steel, from Rotterdam. They are 5th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line.
Historical Note: Wars in Palatinate Germany
In addition to religious persecution, wars were a continuous part of life in the rolling hills of Württemberg. A succession of wars [The Spanishe Erbfolgekrieg (Spanish War of Succession, 1701-1714, the Polnische Krieg (Polish War of Succession, 1733-1738), the Osterreichische Erbfolgekrieg (Austrian War of Succession, 1741-1448) and the Siebenjahrige Krieg (Seven Years War, 1756-1763) devastated Palatinate Germany. “The book, Heimatbuch Schwaigern, state the only time the wars subsided was when the countryside was exhausted, not just with crops, but with the people to raise them. There were simply too few men left to farm, much less fight. With the constant movement of armies from all sides and countries, encampments and bivouacs, the area was constantly occupied by military forces.” http://www.mace-b.com/family/mindli.htm
https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3915/18845904846_3d3d82cfe4_z.jpg
1748 Also arriving in Philadelphia aboard the Two Brothers were Johann Casper and his wife Maria Agnes (Glockner) Kieffer with their six children, including Johann Ludwig (5 years old) along with his brothers. At the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), the Kieffer family fled France to Deux Ponts (Zweibrucken) for safety. They changed the family name in France, to the German equivalent Kieffer (Cooper). Owing to the devastation of the country by the French armies, the sons made the decision to emigrate. Abraham and Casper settled near the present town of Kutztown, PA. Ludwig later married a Mennonite, Anna Margaretha Sprenckel in Codorus Township in Lancaster County, PA and eventually settled in Maryland. Johann Casper and Maria Agnes are 5th great-grandparents in David’s maternal line, and Johann Ludwig is a 4th great-grandfather.
Historical Note: The Edict of Nantes
In 1598, King Henry IV of France) granted Calvinist Protestants of France (Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation which was still essentially Catholic. The Edict aimed primarily to promote civil unity, separating civil from religious unity, treated Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance. In offering freedom of conscience to individuals, the Edict offered many concessions to Protestants, such as amnesty and reinstatement of their civil rights, including the right to work in any field or for the State and to bring grievances directly to the king. It marked the end of the religious wars afflicting France during the second half of the 16th century, but this lasted less than 100 years. It was revoked in 1685 with these provisions: (I) … do suppress and revoke, the edict of our said grandfather, given at Nantes in April, 1598… we declare them null and void, together with all concessions, of whatever nature they may be, made by them as well as by other edicts, declarations, and orders, in favor of the said persons of the R.P.R. (Religion prétendue réformée)… that all the temples of those of the said R.P.R. situate in our kingdom,
The Edict of Nantes countries, territories, and the lordships under our https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Nantes crown, shall bedemolished without delay. (II) We forbid our subjects of the R.P.R. to meet any more for the exercise of the said religion in any place or private house, under any pretext whatever, (III) We likewise forbid all noblemen, of what condition soever, to hold such religious exercises in their houses or fiefs, under penalty to be inflicted upon all our said subjects who shall engage in the said exercises, of imprisonment and confiscation. (IV) We enjoin all ministers of the said R.P.R., who do not choose to become converts and to embrace the Catholic, apostolic, and Roman religion, to leave our kingdom and the territories subject to us within a fortnight of the publication of our present edict, without leave to reside therein beyond that period, or, during the said fortnight, to engage in any preaching, exhortation, or any other function, on pain of being sent to the galleys. . (VII) We forbid private schools for the instruction of children of the said R.P.R., and in general all things whatever which can be regarded as a concession of any kind in favor of the said religion. (VIII) As for children who may be born of persons of the said R.P.R., we desire that from henceforth they be baptized by the parish priests. http://historyguide.org/earlymod/revo_nantes.html
1749 Hans George Hertle and wife Anna Margaretha (Gramlich) with their two year old son Johann Friederich Hartle and brother Johann Martin emigrated from Schweigern, Kreis (County) Boxberg, Bavarian Palatinate, Now Baden-Württemberg, Germany to Washington Co., Md. They arrived In September in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania aboard the Ship Patience, Captain Hugh Steel, from Rotterdam. They are 5th great-grandparents in David’s paternal line.
Historical Note: Wars in Palatinate Germany
In addition to religious persecution, wars were a continuous part of life in the rolling hills of Württemberg. A succession of wars [The Spanishe Erbfolgekrieg (Spanish War of Succession, 1701-1714, the Polnische Krieg (Polish War of Succession, 1733-1738), the Osterreichische Erbfolgekrieg (Austrian War of Succession, 1741-1448) and the Siebenjahrige Krieg (Seven Years War, 1756-1763) devastated Palatinate Germany. “The book, Heimatbuch Schwaigern, state the only time the wars subsided was when the countryside was exhausted, not just with crops, but with the people to raise them. There were simply too few men left to farm, much less fight. With the constant movement of armies from all sides and countries, encampments and bivouacs, the area was constantly occupied by military forces.” http://www.mace-b.com/family/mindli.htm
1750 Johannes Leonhardt Kessler and his wife came with their ten year old son Ulrich Kessler from Switzerland to Philadelphia, PA on the ship Sandwich. His mother died and was buried at sea and Ulrich, his sister and father were sold on the auction block to pay for their passage. Ulrich served for 11 years to pay for the passage (to the man who paid the shipper). During that time, he learned the weaver's trade. When he gained his freedom, he searched for his father and sister but he http://b- womeninamericanhistory17. never found them. He became a weaver but was swindled out of his property. He moved from Virginia to North Carolina where he was a German Reformed Dunkard clergyman and Elder of the Ashe County Dunker congregation in Ashe county, NC. He later married and moved to Hamilton Co Ohio in 1812. They are 6th great- Dunkard Church, NC,in 1750s
grandparents Glenna’s maternal line. blogspot.com/2014/07/fleeing-to-america-persecution-german.html
1738-65 Anna Catherine Freyvogler was born in 1738 in Dietingen, Germany and gave brith to her daughter Elizabeth at the age of 27 in Reading, Pennsylvania. She is a 5th great-grandmother in Glenna’s maternal line.
grandparents Glenna’s maternal line. blogspot.com/2014/07/fleeing-to-america-persecution-german.html
1738-65 Anna Catherine Freyvogler was born in 1738 in Dietingen, Germany and gave brith to her daughter Elizabeth at the age of 27 in Reading, Pennsylvania. She is a 5th great-grandmother in Glenna’s maternal line.